Portal:Mexico

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The Temple of Warriors at Chichen Itza, Mexico

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¡Bienvenido! Welcome to the Mexico portal

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It covers 1,972,550 km² (761,610 sq mi), making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th-most-populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is organized as a federal constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital. It shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.

Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BC, making it one of the world's six cradles of civilization. The Mesoamerican region hosted various intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. The Aztecs came to dominate the area prior to European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire, alongside indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). Over the next three centuries, Spanish expansion enforced Christianity, spread the Spanish language, and exploited rich silver deposits in Zacatecas and Guanajuato. The colonial era ended in the early nineteenth century with the Mexican War of Independence. (Full article...)

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The Battle of San Patricio was fought on February 27, 1836, between Texian rebels and the Mexican army, during the Texas Revolution. The battle occurred as a result of the outgrowth of the Texian Matamoros Expedition. The battle marked the start of the Goliad Campaign, the Mexican offensive to retake the Texas Gulf Coast. It took place in and around San Patricio.

By the end of 1835, all Mexican troops had been driven from Texas. Frank W. Johnson, the commander of the volunteer army in Texas, and James Grant gathered volunteers for a planned invasion of the Mexican port town of Matamoros. In February 1836, Johnson and about 40 men led a herd of horses to San Patricio in preparation for the expedition. Johnson assigned some of his troops to a ranch 4 miles (6.4 km) outside town to guard the horses, while the rest of his men garrisoned in three different locations in town. (Full article...)

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Mission At Santiago de Jalpan

The Franciscan missions of the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro are five missions built in Mexico between 1750 and 1760. The foundation of the missions is attributed to Junípero Serra, who also founded the most important missions in California. They were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003.

They are an example of an architectural and stylistic unity with a tempera painting that is one of the best examples of popular New Spain Baroque. According to the criteria to which the UNESCO inscription as a World Heritage Site refers, the missions are testimony to the important exchange of values during the colonization process, both in the center and north of Mexico and in the west of what currently occupies the territory of the United States. (Full article...)

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Pyramid of the Sun, Teotihuacán

image credit: JOMA-MAC

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María Santos Gorrostieta Salazar (1976 – c. 15 November 2012) was a Mexican politician who served as mayor of Tiquicheo, in Michoacán, from 2008 to 2011. Despite three assassination attempts during her tenure, she continued to be outspoken against organized crime. In a fourth attack, she was kidnapped and assassinated by suspected drug traffickers on 15 November 2012. Michoacán is home to several violent drug trafficking organizations such as La Familia Michoacana and the Knights Templar Cartel. Gorrostieta, a physician, had been a member of the PRI and left it for lack of support after the attacks. She had then become a member of the PRD. (Full article...)

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Daguerreotype of General Santa Anna, c. 1853

Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón, usually known as Antonio López de Santa Anna (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo ˈlopes ðe sanˈtana]; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), or just Santa Anna, was a Mexican soldier, politician, and caudillo who served as the 8th president of Mexico multiple times between 1833 and 1855. He also served as Vice President of Mexico from 1837 to 1839. He was a controversial and pivotal figure in Mexican politics during the 19th century, to the point that he has been called an "uncrowned monarch", and historians often refer to the three decades after Mexican independence as the "Age of Santa Anna".

Santa Anna was in charge of the garrison at Veracruz at the time Mexico won independence in 1821. He would go on to play a notable role in the fall of the First Mexican Empire, the fall of the First Mexican Republic, the promulgation of the Constitution of 1835, the establishment of the Centralist Republic of Mexico, the Texas Revolution, the Pastry War, the promulgation of the Constitution of 1843, and the Mexican–American War. He became well known in the United States due to his role in the Texas Revolution and in the Mexican–American War. (Full article...)

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Vicente Fox Frida Kahlo Porfirio Díaz Juan Diego Emiliano Zapata Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Cantinflas Pancho Villa Chespirito Agustín de Iturbide Maximilian I of Mexico Benito Juárez Carlos Slim Diego Rivera Francisco I. Madero Juana Inés de la Cruz Carlos Salinas de Gortari Miguel de la Madrid

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In the news

28 May 2024 – South Africa's genocide case against Israel: Mexico announces it will intervene in the genocide case on the side of South Africa. (Middle East Eye)
24 May 2024 –: Dozens of people are killed across Mexico in a deadly heatwave, with temperatures as high as 45 °C (113 °F) recorded. (France 24) (DW)
22 May 2024 – San Pedro Garza García stage collapse: At least nine people are killed, including a child, and 121 are injured after a temporary stage collapses in high winds at a campaign event for the Citizens' Movement party in San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico. Later, the Nuevo León government pledges 400,000 pesos ($23,900) in compensation to families of the deceased. (AP) (El País) (Reuters)
8 May 2024 –: Rolling blackouts occur in several cities in Mexico amid an ongoing heatwave in the country. (The New York Times)
3 May 2024 –: Mexican authorities locate the bodies of three tourists, one American and two Australians, in Baja California, where they were reported missing in April. Three people have been arrested and are being questioned in relation to the case. (Reuters) (BBC News); U.S. Representative Henry Cuellar is indicted for accepting nearly $600,000 worth of bribes from an Azerbaijan-controlled company and a Mexican bank. (AP)

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Huachinango a la Veracruzana (Snapper Veracruz style)

The cuisine of Veracruz is the regional cooking of Veracruz, a Mexican state along the Gulf of Mexico. Its cooking is characterized by three main influences—indigenous, Spanish, and Afro-Cuban—per its history, which included the arrival of the Spanish and of enslaved people from Africa and the Caribbean. These influences have contributed many ingredients to the cooking including native vanilla, corn and seafood, along with rice, spices and tubers. How much the three mix depending on the area of the state, with some areas more heavily favoring one or another. The state has worked to promote its cuisine both in Mexico and abroad as part of its tourism industry. (Full article...)

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Mexican cuisine Cuisine of Chiapas Crema (dairy product) Aztec cuisine Oaxacan cuisine Mole sauce Guacamole Enchilada Mexican breads Nachos Burrito Mexican street food Pozole Cheeses of Mexico Taco Pan dulce Mexican wine Sopa de fideo Tostilocos Beer in Mexico Calavera Champurrado Mexican Coke Menudo (soup)

General images

The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico)
Image 2Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico)
Image 3Battle of Tampico (1829) (from History of Mexico)
Image 4Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico)
Image 5Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico)
Image 6The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico)
Image 7Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico)
Image 8President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico)
Image 9Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 10General Santa Anna. (from History of Mexico)
Image 11Olmec colossal (from History of Mexico)
Image 12Ignacio Comonfort (from History of Mexico)
Image 13Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico)
Image 14Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico)
Image 15Porfirio Díaz (from History of Mexico)
Image 16Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico)
Image 17Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico)
Image 18Alegoría de la Constitución de 1857, Petronilo Monroy, 1869. (from History of Mexico)
Image 19Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico)
Image 20La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910-1912. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 21Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico (from History of Mexico)
Image 221985 Mexico City earthquake (from History of Mexico)
Image 23Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico)
Image 24Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico)
Image 25Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico)
Image 26President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico)
Image 27Club América vs Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 28Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
Image 29President Felipe Calderón with President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (from History of Mexico)
Image 30Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (from History of Mexico)
Image 31Battle of Miahuatlán (from History of Mexico)
Image 32El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
Image 33Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 34Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico)
Image 35Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico)
Image 36Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 37Equestrian statue of Charles IV in Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
Image 38Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico)
Image 39Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico)
Image 40Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 41Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 42La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 43Logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico)
Image 44"The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico)
Image 45Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 46Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 47Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico)
Image 48Cabinet Officers of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and of Enrique Peña Nieto (right). (from History of Mexico)
Image 49Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico)
Image 50General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico)
Image 51A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico)
Image 52U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico)
Image 53Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico)
Image 54Subcomandante Marcos (from History of Mexico)
Image 55Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey (Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 56Plutarco Elías Calles (from History of Mexico)
Image 57The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 58Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico)
Image 59Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico)
Image 60Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico)
Image 61The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico)
Image 62A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico)
Image 63Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 64Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 65"The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (from History of Mexico)
Image 66A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico)
Image 67Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico)
Image 68Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 69Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)

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